What role do centrosomes play in cells?

Centrosomes play a crucial role in coordinating cell division, specifically during the process of mitosis and meiosis. They are composed of two centrioles, which assist in organizing the microtubules that form the mitotic spindle. The mitotic spindle is essential for the correct separation of chromosomes into daughter cells, ensuring that each new cell receives the appropriate number of chromosomes.

During cell division, the centrosomes duplicate, and each centrosome moves to opposite poles of the cell. This positioning helps establish the spindle framework, guiding the movement of chromosomes. Without the proper function of centrosomes, cells could experience issues such as unequal chromosome distribution or failed division, potentially leading to conditions like cancer or developmental disorders.

The other options pertain to functions of different cellular components, such as the nucleus storing genetic information, mitochondria producing energy, and ribosomes synthesizing proteins. Each of these functions is distinct and does not relate to the specific role of centrosomes in facilitating cell division.