Which hormone is responsible for regulating blood glucose levels?

Insulin is the key hormone responsible for regulating blood glucose levels in the body. It is produced by the beta cells in the pancreas and plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism. When blood glucose levels rise after eating, insulin is released into the bloodstream. It facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells, particularly muscle and fat cells, where it can be used for energy or stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles. This action lowers blood glucose levels back to a normal range.

In addition to its role in lowering blood sugar, insulin also inhibits the production of glucose by the liver, further helping to regulate overall glucose levels. The balance of insulin and glucagon is vital for maintaining homeostasis in blood glucose levels; glucagon, produced by alpha cells of the pancreas, raises blood glucose when it is low.

The other hormones listed have different roles in the body. Cortisol primarily functions in stress response and regulates metabolism, but its influence on blood glucose is more indirect. Adrenaline (or epinephrine) prepares the body for 'fight or flight' situations and can increase blood glucose levels, but it is not primarily responsible for regulation. Somatostatin helps regulate endocrine functions and inhibits the release of other hormones, thereby having a minor role in