Which type of cell produces and releases antibodies?

Plasma B cells, also known simply as plasma cells, are specialized cells that develop from B lymphocytes (B cells) following their activation. The primary function of plasma B cells is to produce and secrete antibodies, which are specific proteins that bind to antigens, such as pathogens or foreign substances, thereby neutralizing or marking them for destruction by other components of the immune system.

When a B cell encounters its specific antigen, it undergoes clonal expansion and differentiation into plasma B cells. This process allows a rapid and robust immune response, generating large quantities of antibodies tailored to the invading pathogen. Antibodies play a critical role in the immune response by helping to identify and eliminate infectious agents, preventing their spread and ensuring the effectiveness of the adaptive immune system.

Other cell types mentioned, such as Helper T cells, macrophages, and Cytotoxic T cells, have different functions in the immune response. Helper T cells assist in regulating immune responses and activating B cells and other immune cells. Macrophages are involved in phagocytosis and the presentation of antigens to T cells, while Cytotoxic T cells directly kill infected or cancerous cells. However, it is the plasma B cells that are specifically responsible for antibody production.